stock-vector-ribbon-making-up-a-human-face-111433085I came back recently from attending the 4th Singapore Neurocognitive Symposium. The focus on the symposium was Dementia the prevalence of which is most often seen in Alziehmer’s disease (AD).

The speakers came from various countries in Asia such as Singapore, Malaysia, Japan, Hong Kong and the Philippines. There were 2 speakers from the US, one from the Netherlands, one from the UK and one from Spain. It was most informative and what follows is a summary of the main points taken up by the various speakers:

-Dementia is the final stage of a long pre-clinical or asymptomatic period Alziehmer’s Disease (AD);

-AD actually starts 15-20 years before symptoms appear;

-Certain tests can indicate if a person is “at risk” for getting AD;

-The presence of Amyloid B and Tau pathologies in the brain indicate a high probability of getting the condition;

– These substances can be seen via PET scan and by extraction of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF);

-AD is an age related disease, the older a person is, the greater the risk of getting this disorder;

-The incidence of AD is increasing as the population ages, all over the world;

-Dementia is reportedly now a global health priority of the World Health Organization (WHO);

-We cannot stop dementia, the aim of current research is to find pharmacological and non-pharmacological ways to delay, as well as minimize, its effect and improve the quality of life;

-Research is now underway to improve as well as to formulate new medicines to treat AD. Studies are also underway to find non-pharmacological intervention for the condition.

Source: taken from information given by the various speakers of the symposium. The speakers were Adeline Ng, Alvin Cenina, Kinjal Doshi, Wiesje M. Van der Flier, Jose Luis Molinuevo, Oscar Lopez, Koji Abe, Christopher Chen, Claude Wischik

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When a person perceives his memory or other cognitive function as “not as good as before” but scores within “average range” in objective testing, he may be experiencing Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) – the initial sign of Dementia.

The next stage of the disease is normally symptoms of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).

This is when mild signs of cognitive decline start to appear although person is still able to function in his work (employment) and in activities of daily living.

Mild signs of decline could include forgetfulness, decreased efficiency in performing familiar tasks, disorientation as to place and time, changes in mood and behavior.

MCI is usually the stage before conversion to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD).

Dementia is the final stage in the expression of this disorder.

SCD and MCI do not always follow this course. For instance, there have been cases where a person’s SCD progresses to MCI and then goes back to SCD. There are cases where a person goes directly from normal functioning to Dementia.

Source: Symposium speaker Wiesje M. Van Der Flier, UV University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands